Backreaction in Axion Monodromy, 4-forms and the Swampland

Axion monodromy models can always be described in terms of an axion coupled to 3-form gauge fields with non-canonical kinetic terms. The presence of the saxions parametrising the kinetic metrics of the 3-form fields leads to backreaction effects in the inflationary dynamics. We review the case in which saxions backreact on the K\"ahler metric of the inflaton leading to a logarithmic scaling of the proper field distance at large field. This behaviour is universal in Type II string flux compactifications and consistent with a refinement of the Swampland Conjecture. The critical point at which this behaviour appears depends on the mass hierarchy between the inflaton and the saxions. However, in tractable compactifications, such a hierarchy cannot be realised without leaving the regime of validity of the effective theory, disfavouring transplanckian excursions in string theory.Comment: Proceedings prepared for the "Workshop on Geometry and Physics", November 2016, Ringberg Castl

Initial Binding of Ions to the Interhelical Loops of Divalent Ion Transporter CorA: Replica Exchange Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study

<div><p>Crystal structures of <em>Thermotoga maritima</em> magnesium transporter CorA, reported in 2006, revealed its homo-pentameric constructions. However, the structure of the highly conserved extracellular interhelical loops remains unsolved, due to its high flexibility. We have explored the configurations of the loops through extensive replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations in explicit solvent model with the presence of either Co(III) Hexamine ions or Mg²⁺ ions. We found that there are multiple binding sites available on the interhelical loops in which the negatively charged residues, E316 and E320, are located notably close to the positively charged ions during the simulations. Our simulations resolved the distinct binding patterns of the two kinds of ions: Co(III) Hexamine ions were found to bind stronger with the loop than Mg²⁺ ions with binding free energy −7.3 kJ/mol lower, which is nicely consistent with the previous data. Our study provides an atomic basis description of the initial binding process of Mg²⁺ ions on the extracellular interhelical loops of CorA and the detailed inhibition mechanism of Co(III) Hexamine ions on CorA ions transportation.</p> </div

Functional microorganisms in denitrification, nitrogen fixation, as well as nitrification processes.

<p>37 genera of bacteria, containing sequences at least one of the coding sequences of ammonia monooxygenase, hydroxylamine reductase, hydroxylamine oxidase, nitric oxide reductase, and nitrous oxide reductase, were displayed with genus information.</p

Time consumption in SAP annotation and direct the NCBI-nr annotation.

<p>Fold increase in speed refers to the speedup achieved by SAP as compared to the direct NCBI-nr blast.</p

Democracy and election of school leaders in the municipal system of education of Belém: analysis and perspectives

The research was turned toward the inquiry of the institutionalization process of the direct election of pertaining to school controllers in the Municipal System of Education of Belém, as dimension of the projects pedagogical politicians and produced by the municipal managements in the period of 1993 the 2006. The objective was to analyze the advances, limits and perspectives of the proposals of election of controllers, established under the optics of the plan of the deed of division-legal orientations of the educational system. The used methodological orientation was of the bibliographical research and the documentary analysis. Through a detailed study of main official documents produced by the municipal administrations, it was intended to identify to the scienters politics of the respective governments in the delimited period and to characterize its respective educational projects and proposals of election of pertaining to school controllers, as well as perceiving the conception of democracy and inherent democratic management to the same ones. The results reached with the inquiry in take them to infer that the process of democratization of the pertaining to school management in the SME, saw the election of pertaining to school controllers, is not something finished and defined, but a permanent construction, marked for gone and comings, jibs and advances, that point with respect to distinct perspectives and horizons and reach the most different ideological shades. Therefore, it can be affirmed that the pertaining to school democracy in the SME is not, but is being constructed in accordance with to the possibilities and constaints presented at each historical moment and with the capacity of the educational actors to incorporate the established institucional democracy.A pesquisa voltou-se para a investigação do processo de institucionalização da eleição direta de dirigentes escolares no Sistema Municipal de Ensino de Belém, como dimensão dos projetos políticos e pedagógicos engendrados pelas gestões municipais no período de 1993 a 2006. O objetivo foi analisar os avanços, limites e perspectivas das propostas de eleição de dirigentes, estabelecidas sob a ótica do plano das orientações formal-legais do sistema educacional. A orientação metodológica utilizada foi a da pesquisa bibliográfica e da análise documental. Através de um estudo pormenorizado dos principais documentos oficiais produzidos pelas administrações municipais, pretendeu-se identificar as intencionalidades políticas dos respectivos governos no período delimitado e caracterizar os seus respectivos projetos educacionais e propostas de eleição de dirigentes escolares, assim como perceber a concepção de democracia e gestão democrática inerente aos mesmos. Os resultados alcançados com a investigação nos levam a inferir que o processo de democratização da gestão escolar no SME, via a eleição de dirigentes escolares, não é algo acabado e definido, mas uma construção permanente, marcada por idas e vindas, recuos e avanços, que aponta para perspectivas e horizontes distintos e atinge os mais diferentes matizes ideológicos. Portanto, pode-se afirmar que a democracia escolar no SME não é, mas está sendo construída de acordo com as possibilidades e constrangimentos apresentados em cada momento histórico e com a capacidade dos atores educacionais de incorporar a institucionalidade democrática estabelecida

Gene expression classification based on automated SEED subsystem in MG-RAST.

<p>Total six datasets were annotated by Level 1 subsystems.</p

The convergence check.

<p>Trace in temperature space of representative replicas (A); Evolution of distances between HexCo ions and protein heavy atoms for representative replicas (B); Evolution of distances between Mg²⁺ ions and protein heavy atoms for representative replicas (C); Distribution of radius of gyration of protein with time interval 50–100 ns (black square), 50–150 ns (red circle), 50–180 ns (violet triangle), and 50–200 ns (green inverse triangle) at 315 K for LOOP (D), COH (E) and MG (F). Distribution of distances between ions and protein heavy atoms with time interval 50–100 ns (black square), 50–150 ns (red circle), 50–180 ns (violet triangle), and 50–200 ns (green inverse triangle) at 315 K for COH (G) and MG (H) system.</p

Direction of E316 side chains.

<p>Schematic drawing of the vectors from Cα to Cδ within GLU residue and from Cα of GLU to channel axis (A). The distribution of the value of cosine of the angle between the two vectors (B).</p

Bound states clustered based on distances between every ion to every residue.

a<p>The letter inside brackets indicates the chain name for the residue.</p>b<p>The comma “,” separates different bound states, the slash “/” separates different residues in a particular bound state.</p

Comparison of the number of sequences annotated by SAP with direct BLAST against the NCBI-nr database.

<p>Comparison of the number of sequences annotated by SAP with direct BLAST against the NCBI-nr database.</p